Signal Integrity Analysis of High-Speed Interconnects

Signal Integrity Analysis of High-Speed Interconnects

Signal integrity (SI) addresses two key aspects in high-speed digital designs: signal timing and quality. SI analysis aims to ensure signals reach their destination in good condition. In a system, signals travel through various kinds of interconnections (e.g., from chip to package, package to RF board trace and trace to high-speed connectors), with any electrical impact happening at the source end, along with the transmission path or at the receiving end, which affects both signal timing and quality. Connector performance directly affects system performance and reliability. As a result, designing and modeling connectors for multi-gigabit applications is one of the greatest challenges in high-speed digital applications.
When designing high-speed applications, the signal transmission quality is a critical factor. At gigabit speeds, high-speed interconnects must be characterized along with the RF board traces. The ever-increasing demand for cleaner signal transmission means that maintaining good signal quality throughout the high-speed interconnects is crucial. Modern high-speed, multi-pin connectors are required to enable data transmission in systems at a very high rate (~ 5 Gbps). Early design changes based on accurate simulations can be indispensable and worthy investments for interconnect realization. Likewise, use of an accurate electromagnetic (EM) model is highly desirable during the design and implementation stage of high-speed interconnects. To achieve good SI, the designer must not only understand the system in which the connectors will be deployed but also perform SI analysis of the RF board along with the connectors.

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